Diet & Fitness

The basic process of hunger can be likened to a traffic light: green means start eating, yellow cautions that you're nearing the fullness point and red means stop. Our physiology is actually designed to give us the green, yellow or red lights, which could theoretically end the whole calorie-counting business in favor of simply eating according to physical hunger and fullness.

Unfortunately, the practice isn't that simple. For one thing, distractions get in the way of physical sensations. Though our body says "green light," we might not be able eat at that moment. Often, people eat when they are too hungry and continue to eat well beyond a comfortable feeling of fullness. Doing this consistently can lead to weight gain.

Satiety refers to how long you'll feel full. In other words, how long the light will stay red before turning green again. Many factors influence satiety. A long list of hormones and physical mechanisms trigger hunger and satiety. For example, low blood glucose and a hormone called neuropeptide Y (NPY) are thought to stimulate hunger. Conversely, hormones such as serotonin and cholecystokinin (CCK), as well as many nutrients in the blood, contribute to satiety.

Despite the laundry list of reactions that physiological hunger and satiety trigger, appetite is what most often determines how much we eat. Nearly everyone eats for reasons other than just being hungry. Some people have learned to eat "by the clock," so they eat on a schedule whether they are hungry or not. Others eat in response to mood: sadness, anger, anxiety, boredom or happiness. These triggers are types of psychological hunger, and they can be very powerful cues to eat -- and to overeat. This is why it is helpful to keep a food journal and write down how you're feeling before, during and after you eat for reasons other than hunger.

Mechanisms that control learning behavior vary. Hunger and appetite are the big go signals; satiation and satiety are the main stop signals. A useful scale to gauge your hunger by is:

1. You're so hungry you feel dizzy and irritable.
2. You need to eat and you're having trouble concentrating.
3. You feel physical signs of hunger (stomach rumbling).
4. You're starting to feel like food.
5. You feel just right -- perfectly comfortable.
6. You are comfortably full.
7. You feel a little too full.
8. You feel stuffed.
9. You're very full and might need to unbutton your pants or loosen your belt.
10. You feel intensely uncomfortable.

If you recognize that you often wait too long to eat or you often eat beyond the point of comfort, you might gain some benefit by keeping a written record of your own feelings of hunger, using this scale. Take a look at what and how much you eat -- when you are too hungry versus the times you eat when hunger is just beginning. See if you can move your eating schedule to accommodate your true need for food.

What else can you do?

-- Eat protein foods at each meal. Protein acts as an appetite suppressant to help control hunger pains.

-- Avoid simple sugar foods. And, if you do succumb to them, ensure they are mixed with a meal.

-- Eat smaller meals. Eating smaller meals more frequently will help reduce the intensity of hunger pans and keep your metabolism revved up.

-- Consume high fiber foods. At each meal, consume high fiber foods first to fill your stomach and speed satiety.

-- EXERCISE! It regulates appetite to control hunger and food intake (not to mention burning calories and building muscle).

If you need a little more help controlling your appetite, try DietSmart. It may be just what you need to reach your weight-loss goals, and you can save 33% now!

Dr. Nancy Tice is a psychiatrist with extensive experience furnishing medical information and writing articles for online services. She did her medical training at The Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. She moderates her own support group called "Rx for Success," writes articles for the eDiets newsletters, holds online meetings and answers questions in our Expert Interaction section. To ask Dr. Tice a question, click here. It's impossible for Dr. Tice to answer all queries. For more information, you can try her eDiets Rx for Success support board.

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Labels: cravings, diet, diet-plan, food, hunger, weight, weight-loss

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